Just as regional variation of language can give a lot of information about the place the speaker is from, social variation tells about the roles performed by a given speaker within one community.
Sociolinguists differ from sociology of language in that the focus of sociolinguistics is the effect of the society on the language, while the sociology of language focuses on language"s effect on the society (Bell, 1976) Studies in sociolinguistic explore the commonplace observations that everyone does not speak a language in the same way, that we alter our speech to accommodate our audience and that we recognize members and non-members of our communities via speech. It is the descriptive study of the effect of any and all aspects of society, including cultural norms, expectations and context, on the way language is used, and the effects of language use on society, particularly how language operates within and creates social structures. Sociolinguistics is a developing branch of linguistics and sociology which examines the individual and social variation of language (Spolsky,2010). Many sociolinguists have disagreed arguing that a sociolinguistics is scarcely worthwhile and that meaningful insight into language can be gained only if such matters as use and variation are included as part of the data which must be explained in a comprehensive theory of language such a theory of language must have something to say about the uses of language. Studies in sociolinguistic explore the commonplace observations that everyone does not speak a language in the same way, that we alter our speech to accommodate our audience and that we recognize members and non-members of our communities via speech.
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